Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

STATION # 1

CELL THEORY

Cells are the basic unit of life. 

The Cell Theory states that:

1) All organisms are made up of one or more cells and the products of those cells.

2) All cells carry out life activities (require energy, grow, have a limited size).

3) New cells grow only from other living cells by the process of cell division.

STATION # 2

THE THREE MAIN COMPONENTS OF ANY PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL ARE:

1. PLASMA MEMBRANE/ CELL MEMBRANE

Function - the cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment, and is selectively permeable (controls what gets in and out).  It protects the cell and provides stability.

Proteins are found embedded within the plasma membrane, with some extending all the way through in order to transport materials.

Carbohydrates are attached to proteins and lipids on the outer lipid layer.

2. CYTOPLASM

Structure - The jelly-like substance composed of mainly water and found between the cell membrane and nucleus. 

Function - Organelles are found here and substances like salts may be dissolved in the cytoplasm.

3. NUCLEUS

Structure -It is dark and round, and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane.  The nucleus contains genetic information (DNA) on special strands called chromosomes. 

Function - The nucleus is the "control center" of the cell, for cell metabolism and reproduction.

STATION # 3: ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS ORGANELLES

"ER" OR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

 The ER is the "transport system" of the cell.

There are two types of ER: rough ER and smooth ER.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is lined with ribosomes and is rough in appearance and smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains no ribosomes and is smooth in appearance.

RIBOSOMES

 Ribosomes produce protein.  They could be thought of as "factories"  in the cell.

GOLGI BODY / APPARATUS

 The Golgi Body temporarily stores protein which can then leave the cell via vesiciles pinching off from the Golgi.

 STATION 4: ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS ORGANELLES

 LYSOSOMES

Lysosomes are small sac-like structures surrounded by a single membrane and containing strong digestive enzymes which when released can break down waste in the cell. 

MITOCHONDRIA

The  mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.  the mitochondria releases food energy from food molecules to be used by the cell.  This process is called respiration.  Some cells (muscle cells)  require more energy than other cells and so would have many more mitochondria.

VACUOLES

Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane.  They can store materials such as food, water, sugar, minerals and waste products.Bigger in plant cells tan in animal cells.

STATION # 5

ANIMAL CELLS ORGANELLES NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS:

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

Both cilia and flagella are hair-like organelles.  The function of cilia and flagella include locomotion for one-celled organisms and to move substances over cell surfaces in multi-celled organisms.